To support the transition, the 3S Framework is a useful tool for measuring and influencing the various climate functions of forest and forest product value chains — from the management of land to the use of products and services. The tool provides a comprehensive and integrated way of considering and balancing the various aspects of the carbon cycle: sink (the drawdown and retention of carbon dioxide in the forest), storage (the carbon dioxide embedded in materials), and substitution (the avoidance of emissions by replacing carbon-intensive materials).